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Formation Reference

Who God Is

Names, Attributes, and the Language of Praise
A standalone reference·No prior knowledge required
This document is a guide to knowing God. Not knowing about Him — knowing Him. Every name He has revealed, every attribute Scripture describes, every word of genuine praise — all of it points toward the same reality: God is love, and everything He has revealed of Himself is a revelation of that love. The person who knows who God is stands before Him differently than the person who knows only what God does.
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Why Knowing God Matters

The difference between knowing about Him and knowing Him

There is a difference between knowing about someone and knowing them. You can know every fact about a person — their history, their preferences, their reputation — and still be a stranger to them. Knowing them requires encounter. It requires time in their presence. It requires receiving what they reveal of themselves.

The same is true of God. A person can study theology, memorize Scripture, and attend worship faithfully for decades and still be relating to a concept rather than a Person. The Names of God are not theological categories. They are self-revelations — moments when God showed humanity something specific about who He is in response to a specific human need or encounter. The Attributes of God are not abstract properties. They are the consistent character of a Being who has been present and active in human history since before time began.

This matters for the formation life because genuine praise — the specific posture of standing before God in reverence and gratitude for who He is, not only for what He has done — requires genuine knowledge of who you are standing before. You cannot praise a concept. You cannot stand in awe of a category. But you can stand before Elohim — the God who created everything from nothing — and feel the weight of what it means that this God invites you into relationship. You can stand before El Roi — the God who sees every hidden and overlooked person — and receive the knowledge that you are genuinely seen.

The Center: God Is Love

When God revealed Himself most fully to Moses — passing before him on Mount Sinai — He did not recite His power or His sovereignty first. He named His love. Compassionate. Gracious. Slow to anger. Abounding in love and faithfulness. The order is intentional. Everything God is, He is in and through His love. Understanding any name or attribute of God begins and ends with this.

"And he passed in front of Moses, proclaiming, 'The Lord, the Lord, the compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger, abounding in love and faithfulness, maintaining love to thousands, and forgiving wickedness, rebellion and sin.'"

Exodus 34:6–7

God is not a being who has love as one of His qualities. God is love — the eternal, self-giving, other-centered reality of love expressed in the relationship of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit from before the beginning. Every name, every attribute, every act of God is an expression of that love in a specific form and toward a specific human need.

"Whoever does not love does not know God, because God is love."

1 John 4:8
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The Names of God

Who He has revealed Himself to be — in His own words, in specific moments of encounter

In the ancient world a person's name was not merely their identifier — it was the disclosure of their nature and character. When God reveals a name for Himself in Scripture, He is revealing something true and specific about who He is. These names were almost always given in the context of human need — at the moment when a specific dimension of God's character was most needed and most revealed. Reading them in that context illuminates what each name means.

The names below are organized in the order they appear in Scripture — from Genesis through the New Testament — so that the unfolding of God's self-revelation follows the arc of the biblical story. Each name builds on and deepens what came before.

Elohim The Strong Creator Genesis 1:1
Context
The opening word of Scripture. The first thing revealed about God is that He creates — from nothing, by the power of His word.
What it reveals
God as the all-powerful source and origin of everything that exists. Before anything was, He was. Everything that is, is because He spoke it into being.
Love
His love is the reason He created at all. God did not need creation. He created humanity for relationship — to share what the Trinity has always been: a community of self-giving love.
El Roi The God Who Sees Genesis 16:13
Context
Hagar — an enslaved woman, pregnant and alone in the desert, fleeing abuse. God came to her when no one else would or could.
What it reveals
God sees every person who is hidden, overlooked, abandoned, or forgotten by the world. He sees not only circumstances but the interior — the genuine condition of the soul.
Love
His love reaches exactly where human love fails to reach — to the person at the margin, in the desert, with no one watching. He goes to them first.
El Shaddai God Almighty — All-Sufficient Genesis 17:1
Context
Abraham at ninety-nine years old, when every human possibility had closed. God came to him precisely at the moment of human impossibility.
What it reveals
God who is more than enough for every situation that exceeds human capacity. His sufficiency is not strained by our need — it is displayed by it.
Love
His love does not abandon at the limits of what humans can provide or sustain. He is most fully present where human resources are exhausted.
Yahweh / I AM I AM WHO I AM — Self-Existent Exodus 3:14
Context
Moses at the burning bush, asking who he could say had sent him. God gave a name that is itself a theological statement.
What it reveals
God who exists without cause, without beginning, without dependence on anything outside Himself. He simply is. Everything else exists because of Him — He exists because He is.
Love
His love is not contingent or conditional because He is not contingent or conditional. He loves because love is what He is — not because of anything we bring to the relationship.
Yahweh Jireh The Lord Will Provide Genesis 22:14
Context
Abraham and Isaac on Mount Moriah. God provided a ram at the moment of ultimate sacrifice — and in doing so pointed forward to His own sacrifice.
What it reveals
God who provides at the exact moment of greatest need — not early, not late, but precisely when provision is required and no human solution is available.
Love
He gave what was most costly to Himself — His own Son — as the ultimate expression of this name. Yahweh Jireh is love enacted at infinite cost.
Yahweh Rapha The Lord Who Heals Exodus 15:26
Context
Israel in the wilderness, where the water was bitter and undrinkable. God sweetened it and identified Himself as the Healer.
What it reveals
God who restores what has been broken, poisoned, or damaged — not only physical healing but the healing of soul, mind, relationship, and the interior life.
Love
The deepest human wounds are the ones only He can heal. His love does not flinch from what is broken in us — it moves toward it.
Yahweh Nissi The Lord Is My Banner Exodus 17:15
Context
After Israel's victory over Amalek, Moses built an altar and named it this. A banner was what an army rallied to in battle.
What it reveals
God who goes before His people in the spiritual battles they face, who claims victory, and who is the rallying point when the battle is overwhelming.
Love
He does not send His people into battle alone. His love is the presence that turns the battle — and the one thing worth rallying to when all other resources fail.
Yahweh Shalom The Lord Is Peace Judges 6:24
Context
Gideon, terrified and hiding, encountered the angel of the Lord and feared he would die. God spoke peace to him in the midst of his fear.
What it reveals
God who brings genuine peace — the Hebrew shalom meaning not merely the absence of conflict but the fullness of wholeness, well-being, and restoration.
Love
His love addresses the deepest anxiety. Fear is the opposite of love (1 John 4:18) — and Yahweh Shalom speaks His love into the places where fear rules.
Yahweh Rohi The Lord Is My Shepherd Psalm 23:1
Context
David's most intimate portrait of God — not king, not judge, not general, but shepherd. The one who walks with the sheep through every terrain.
What it reveals
God who leads, protects, provides, and accompanies with personal, attentive, individual care. A shepherd knows every sheep by name and by character.
Love
The shepherd image is the image Jesus claimed for Himself (John 10). The same love that led David through the valley walks with every person who belongs to Him.
Yahweh Tsidkenu The Lord Our Righteousness Jeremiah 23:6
Context
Spoken through the prophet in a season of Israel's deep moral failure. The name is a promise — God will provide what they cannot produce.
What it reveals
God who provides righteousness as a gift — not earned, not achieved, not accumulated by religious effort. The righteousness is His, and He gives it.
Love
This is the love that meets moral failure not with condemnation but with provision. He does not demand what we cannot give — He gives what we cannot earn.
Yahweh Shammah The Lord Is There Ezekiel 48:35
Context
The final words of Ezekiel — spoken as a name for the restored city at the end of the prophet's vision of renewal.
What it reveals
God who is present — never absent, never distant, never withdrawing. The fundamental promise of His character is that He does not leave.
Love
His love is not episodic. It is not available only in the high moments. It is a steady, uninterrupted presence. He is always there.
Immanuel God With Us Isaiah 7:14 · Matthew 1:23
Context
Prophesied seven centuries before it occurred — and fulfilled in the incarnation of Jesus Christ. God did not send a representative. He came.
What it reveals
God who enters fully into human experience — birth, growth, hunger, grief, temptation, death. Not observing human life from outside but inhabiting it from within.
Love
The incarnation is love's most radical act. He became what we are so that we could receive what He is. God with us is not a comfort phrase — it is the theological center of the Gospel.
Abba Father — Intimate and Trusted Romans 8:15 · Galatians 4:6
Context
Paul writes that the Spirit causes us to cry out Abba — the Aramaic word for father, carrying the intimacy of a child's direct address to a trusted parent.
What it reveals
God who is not merely sovereign and distant but personally close, personally safe, and personally invested in each person as a father in the most positive and complete sense.
Love
This is the name that completes all the others. All His power, all His presence, all His provision — and it is offered not to subjects but to children. His love is familial.
Father, Son, and Holy Spirit The Triune God Matthew 28:19 · 2 Cor. 13:14
Context
Revealed progressively across Scripture and named explicitly by Jesus and Paul as the three-in-one reality of God.
What it reveals
God who is inherently relational within Himself — the eternal community of love between Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The Trinity is not a doctrine to be solved but a reality to be received.
Love
God is not alone and has never been alone. The love He offers is not something He learned from creation — it is what He has always been. The invitation to relationship is an invitation to share what the Trinity has always known.
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The Attributes of God

The consistent character He displays in everything He does

While the Names of God were given in specific moments of encounter, the Attributes describe His consistent character across all encounters, all time, and all circumstances. The attributes are not separate qualities that God possesses as a human being possesses traits. They are the unified expression of who He is — and each one is, at its deepest level, an expression of His love in a specific dimension.

The formation question alongside each attribute asks: where did I encounter this dimension of God's character personally? This moves the attributes from abstract theology into living encounter — which is where genuine knowledge of God is formed.
OmnipotentAll-powerful — nothing is beyond His ability
Where do I need to trust His power rather than manage with my own?
His love is not powerless. He has the ability to do what His love intends.
OmniscientAll-knowing — including what is hidden and unspoken
Where have I experienced being fully known and still fully loved simultaneously?
To know everything about someone and still love them completely — this is what He does.
OmnipresentEverywhere present — no situation He is absent from
Where did I encounter His presence in an unexpected or unwelcome place?
His love has no geographic limit and no situational exception. He is present in the valley as in the mountain.
EternalOutside time — no beginning, no end
Where has my short-term perspective needed to yield to His eternal view?
His love is not bounded by time. It does not begin when we turn toward Him or end when we turn away.
ImmutableUnchanging — the same yesterday, today, and forever
Where has His consistency been my stability when my circumstances changed?
His love does not fluctuate with our performance. It is the same love in every season.
SovereignRuler over all — nothing outside His ultimate governance
Where do I need to trust that He is governing what I cannot control or see?
His love is not wishful. It is accompanied by the authority and power to accomplish what it intends.
HolyWholly other — entirely set apart, pure, unlike anything created
Where did I encounter the weight of His holiness and find it drew me rather than drove me away?
His holiness is not cold distance. It is the blazing purity of a love that is completely free of self-interest.
Love · AgapeUnconditional, self-giving — 1 John 4:8: God is love
Where did I experience His love specifically, personally, and unreservedly this week?
This is not one attribute among many. It is the character from which every other attribute flows.
MercifulWithholds deserved punishment (Psalm 103:10)
Where did I receive His mercy? Where was I called to extend it to another?
His love does not demand that every wrong be punished. It absorbs what justice could have required.
GraciousGives undeserved blessing — kindness to those who have not earned it
Where did I receive something from Him that I had not earned and could not deserve?
His love gives extravagantly and independently of merit. Grace is love expressed toward the undeserving.
JustPerfectly fair and righteous — no corruption, no partiality
Where did I need to trust His justice rather than seek my own?
His love is not naive. It accomplishes justice in the way love requires — at its own cost.
FaithfulAlways keeps His word — every promise reliable
Where did He prove faithful to a specific promise in a specific moment?
His love is not occasional. It is committed — covenantal. He does not love and then withdraw.
GoodEverything He does is ultimately good — Psalm 34:8
Where did I experience His goodness — or struggle to believe in it when circumstances were hard?
His love is not arbitrary. It is oriented toward good — genuinely, completely, without exception.
PatientLong-suffering, slow to anger — 2 Peter 3:9
Where did I experience His patience with my failure, my slowness, my resistance?
His love does not give up when we are slow. It bears with us through every season of our formation.
CompassionateMoved by suffering — our pain touches Him personally
Where did I see His compassion — toward me, or moving through me toward someone else?
His love is not detached observation. He is moved. He cares. Our suffering does not leave Him unmoved.
TruthfulCannot lie — His word is entirely reliable
What truth from Him did I encounter this week — about Himself, about me, about the world?
His love is honest. His truth is always the expression of a love that wants what is genuinely best.
GenerousGives beyond what is required — Romans 8:32
Where did His generosity exceed my expectation or my asking?
He did not give sparingly or reluctantly. He gave His Son. Everything after that is already proven generous.
PersonalEngaged with each individual — knows you by name
Where did I experience His specific, individual, personal attention to me this week?
His love is not institutional. It is personal — directed to you, specifically, by name, in your particular situation.
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The Language of Praise

Words, forms, and examples — what genuine praise sounds and looks like

Praise is not primarily an emotional state. It is an act — the specific, deliberate acknowledgment of who God is. It can be quiet or exuberant, brief or extended, spoken aloud or held in silent reverence. What it cannot be, and remain genuine praise, is vague. Genuine praise names something specific about God — who He is, not only what He has done, not only how I feel about Him.

The difference between praise and gratitude: gratitude receives what has been given. Praise acknowledges who the giver is. Both are valuable. Praise is the deeper of the two because it is less dependent on recent experience — you can praise God for who He is even in seasons when His gifts are not obvious. Learning to praise is learning to see God Himself rather than only His effects.

The Forms of Praise in Scripture

Scripture expresses praise in several distinct forms. Understanding the forms helps a person vary their praise rather than repeating the same phrases until they lose meaning.

Direct Address

Praise spoken directly to God in the second person. You are... You have... You are worthy of... This is the most immediate form — the person speaking to God rather than about God. The Psalms are full of this. It requires genuine engagement because you cannot address someone you are not actually present to.

Psalm 86:10 You are great and do marvelous deeds; you alone are God.
Praise example You are Elohim — the One who spoke everything into existence. Before this moment existed, You were already present in it. I stand before You as one who was created by You, for You, and in Your image.

Proclamation

Praise that declares who God is to an audience — whether other people, the angelic realm, or the hostile forces of darkness. The Psalms frequently shift to proclamation. Great is the Lord and most worthy of praise. The Lord reigns. This form of praise has a public quality — it is testimony as much as worship.

Psalm 145:3 Great is the Lord and most worthy of praise; his greatness no one can fathom.
Praise example He is Yahweh Shammah — the Lord who is there. There is no situation, no location, no interior room He has not already entered. He was present in the hardest year of my life before I knew I was not alone.

Recounting — Praise Through Memory

Praise that rehearses what God has done in order to praise who He is. The Psalms of ascent, the songs of deliverance, the prayer of Nehemiah all do this — recounting God's past faithfulness as the ground of present praise. This form is especially powerful in seasons of difficulty, when current circumstances do not feel praise-worthy but the record of God's character does.

Psalm 77:11 I will remember the deeds of the Lord; yes, I will remember your miracles of long ago.
Praise example You provided at the moment I was certain provision would not come. That was three years ago and I remember it as clearly as if it were yesterday. You were Yahweh Jireh then and You are Yahweh Jireh now. The same God, the same love, the same faithfulness.

A Vocabulary of Praise

These are words and phrases that appear in the praise literature of Scripture and of the Christian formation tradition. They are not formulas to repeat. They are a vocabulary — a set of words that, when understood, help a person give shape and specificity to what they genuinely want to say to God.

Worthy
Deserving of reverence, honor, and devotion
You alone are worthy of everything I could offer.
Exalted
Lifted high above all things; supreme in position and character
You are exalted above every fear that has held me.
Majestic
Possessing supreme grandeur, dignity, and splendor
Your majesty is displayed in what You chose to give, not only in what You made.
Glorious
Shining with the full weight and beauty of His character
Your glory is not threatening — it is the full beauty of a love that has no shadow.
Holy
Wholly other, entirely pure, set apart from everything lesser
You are holy — there is nothing in You that is less than completely good.
Faithful
Always doing what He has promised; His word is His bond
You have never broken a promise. Not one. I praise You for that.
Almighty
All-powerful; nothing is too hard for Him (Jeremiah 32:27)
What I am facing is not beyond You. Nothing ever has been.
Merciful
Choosing not to give what is deserved; extending grace over judgment
Your mercy met me at the exact place where justice could have finished me.
Good
Everything He is and does is ultimately oriented toward good
You are good — not just when I feel it, but in the seasons I have to choose to believe it.

The Goal of This Document

Knowing God's names and attributes is not an academic exercise. It is the specific formation work that changes how a person stands before God — moving from the vague reverence of knowing God exists to the specific reverence of knowing who He is.

The person who knows that Yahweh Shalom speaks peace into fear, that El Roi sees the hidden person, that Yahweh Jireh provides at the moment of impossibility — that person brings a different quality of presence to every encounter with God. They are not standing before a force or a concept. They are standing before a Person whose character they know, whose love they have received, and whose names carry the weight of everything He has ever done.